M/M: The Sacred Band of Thebes, Athenaeus, Deipno. 13.12

Name:   Athenaeus Date:   2nd century CE Region:   Naucratis [modern Egypt] Citation:    Deipnosophists 13.12

Pontianos said that Zenon from Citium declared that Eros was the god of friendship and liberty, the provider of harmony, and nothing else. He wrote in The Republic that Eros was a god and an assistant in the safety of the community….In Thebes, the so-called “Sacred Band” composed of lovers, demonstrates the majesty of the god of love, for these soldiers welcome an honorable death over living with dishonor.

Ποντιανὸς δὲ Ζήνωνα ἔφη τὸν Κιτιέα ὑπολαμβάνειν τὸν Ἔρωτα θεὸν εἶναι φιλίας καὶ ἐλευθερίας, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ὁμονοίας παρασκευαστικόν, ἄλλου δὲ οὐδενός. διὸ καὶ ἐν τῇ Πολιτείᾳ ἔφη τὸν Ἔρωτα θεὸν εἶναι συνεργὸν ὑπάρχοντα πρὸς τὴν τῆς πόλεως σωτηρίαν. …ὁ δὲ παρὰ Θηβαίοις ἱερὸς λόχος καλούμενος συνέστηκεν ἐξ ἐραστῶν καὶ ἐρωμένων, τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ σεμνότητα ἐμφαίνων, ἀσπαζομένων θάνατον ἔνδοξον ἀντ᾽ αἰσχροῦ καὶ ἐπονειδίστου βίου. 

Tum Potianus, Zenonem Citieum, aiebat, existimare Amorem Deum esse, Amicitiae &Libertatis & Concordiae auctorem, neque ei aliud esse negotium. Quare etiam in Republica scripsit, esse Amorem Deum, adiutorem ad salutem civitatis … Apud Thebanos sacra cohors, quae vocabatur, ex amatoribus & amasiis composita, maiestatem Dei huius declarabat, quum gloriosam mortem turpi & probrosae vitae anteferrent. 

Translated into Latin by Johannes Schweighaeuser (1805)

Athenaeus of Naucratis [2nd century CE, modern Egypt] was a scholar who lived in Naucratis during the reign of the Antonines. His fifteen volume work, the Deipnosophists, are invaluable for the amount of quotations that preserve otherwise lost authors, including the poetry of Sappho.

M/M: A Hymn for the Sacred Band of Thebes, Greek Anthology 13.22

A Hymn in Praise of the Sacred Band of Thebes 

Name: Phaedimus of Bisanthe Date:    2nd century BCE Region:    Bisanthe [modern Turkey] Citation:    Greek Anthology 13.22

My lord, Far-Shooter,

Hold back the bow

You used to bring down the hearts of giants!

Do not open the quiver of the Wolf Slayer!

Instead use the arrows of Love

On our youth  

So the courageous love of these young men

May defend our homeland!

This love kindles their courage,

O Greatest of the gods,

Ever improving these champions.

O Guardian of Thebes,

Accept this gift of Melistion.

τόξον μὲν, ᾧ Γίγαντος ὤλεσας σθένος, ἴσχε βίης, Ἑκάεργ᾽ ἀνάσσων: οὔ οἱ φαρέτρη λύεται λυκοκτόνος: τοῖσδε δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἠΐθέοις ὀΐστὸν στρέφειν Ἔρωτος, τόφρ᾽ ἀλέξωνται πάτρῃ, θαρσαλέοι φιλότατι κούρων.

Arcum quidem, quo Gigantis deiecisti robur, cohibe a violentia, longinque-iaculans regnator; non tibi pharetra aperiatur luporum-interfectrix; sed hos in adolescentes sagittam verte Amoris, ut auxilientur patriae, impavidi amore iuvenum.

πυρὸς γὰρ ἀλκή, καὶ θεῶν ὑπέρτατος αἰὲν ὅδε προμάχους ἀέξειν. Μελιστίωνος δ᾽, ὦ πατρώιον σέβας Σχοινιέων, ἐπίηρα δέχθαι.

Ignis est vis ille est et deorum supremus usque hic ad propugnatores excitandos. Melistionis autem, o patrium numen Schoeniensium, studium tui accipe. Translated into Latin by Hugo Grotius

Phaedimus of Bisanthe [2nd century BCE, modern Turkey] was one of the numerous authors whose poetry is preserved in The Greek Anthology. Very little is known about him or his works outside of these extant poems.

M/M: We Both Go Down Together: The Toxic Relationship of Meles & Timagoras

 

 In front of the entrance to the Academy, there is an altar to Love with the inscription “Charmos the Athenian first dedicated this to Love [Eros].” 

In the city there is also an altar to “Avenger of Love” [Anteros], dedicated by local immigrants.

Meles the Athenian, dishonoring the love that the immigrant Timagoras bore for him, ordered his lover to climb the tallest point of the peak and throw himself off it. Timagoras, who cherished every one of his lover’s commands, complied with his request, and without hesitation took his own life.  Meles was so overcome by the news of Timagoras’ death that he too threw himself off of the cliff. And so the local immigrants dedicated that spot to the worship of Anteros, the Avenger of Timagoras’ death.

In primo Academiae aditu, Amoris est ara, cum inscriptione, Charmum Atheniensium primum Amori dedicasse. Eam enim aram quae intra urbem est, quam appellant Anterotis, inquilinorum donum fuisse dicunt, ac dedicationis huiusmodi cuasa extitisse: Meles Atheniensis amatorem suum Timagoram inquilinum hominem fastidiens, per contemptum, ut de summo saxo se abiiceret, iussit. Timagoras, qui semper omnia quae puer imperaret facienda putasset, aniam etiam ipsam facile profudit: unde enim iussus erat, impigre se praecipitem dedit. Meletem vero re cognita suae in illum acerbitatis adeo poenituit, ut ex eode seipsum etiam saxo deicerit. Ex eo tam atroci rei eventu ab iniquilinis, ut in eo ipso loco Anteros genius, Timagorae Amoris vindex, coleretur, institutum.

 

πρὸ δὲ τῆς ἐσόδου τῆς ἐς Ἀκαδημίαν ἐστὶ βωμὸς Ἔρωτος ἔχων ἐπίγραμμα ὡς Χάρμος Ἀθηναίων πρῶτος Ἔρωτι ἀναθείη. τὸν δὲ ἐν πόλει βωμὸν καλούμενον Ἀντέρωτος ἀνάθημα εἶναι λέγουσι μετοίκων, ὅτι Μέλης Ἀθηναῖος μέτοικον ἄνδρα Τιμαγόραν ἐρασθέντα ἀτιμάζων ἀφεῖναι κατὰ τῆς πέτρας αὑτὸν ἐκέλευσεν ἐς τὸ ὑψηλότατον αὐτῆς ἀνελθόντα: Τιμαγόρας δὲ ἄρα καὶ ψυχῆς εἶχεν ἀφειδῶς καὶ πάντα ὁμοίως κελεύοντι ἤθελε χαρίζεσθαι τῷ μειρακίῳ καὶ δὴ καὶ φέρων ἑαυτὸν ἀφῆκε: Μέλητα δέ, ὡς ἀποθανόντα εἶδε Τιμαγόραν, ἐς τοσοῦτο μετανοίας ἐλθεῖν ὡς πεσεῖν τε ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας τῆς αὐτῆς καὶ οὕτως ἀφεὶς αὑτὸν ἐτελεύτησε. καὶ τὸ ἐντεῦθεν δαίμονα Ἀντέρωτα τὸν ἀλάστορα τὸν Τιμαγόρου κατέστη τοῖς μετοίκοις νομίζειν.

 

--Pausanias, Descriptio Graeciae, I.xxx.1; Translated into Latin by Romulus Amaseus (1696)

 Pausanias was a Greek writer who lived during the era of the “Five Good Emperors.” His work, the Description of Greece, is an important source for geographical, historical, archaeological, and cultural information about ancient Greece.

 

Unwounded by Eros: Athena, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica III.32-35

 When Athena and Hera plot to help the Argonaut Jason to find the Golden Fleece, Hera recommends recruiting Aphrodite to elicit Eros' aid. 

“Juno, Father Jupiter bore me to be inexperienced with [Cupid’s] arrows,

Nor do I know any way to manage desire.

If you like this idea, then of course I will agree with it;

But you will have to do all of the talking

When you meet [with Venus].

Juno, insciam me pater genuit huius ictuum,

nec rem aliquam novi quae vim habeat demulcendi amorem.

Si autem tibi ipsi haec sententia arridet, certe ego

assensum praebitura sum; tu vero compellandi vicem geres,

ubi conveneris.

‘Ἥρη, νήιδα μέν με πατὴρ τέκε τοῖο βολάων,

οὐδέ τινα χρειὼ θελκτήριον οἶδα πόθοιο.

εἰ δέ σοι αὐτῇ μῦθος ἐφανδάνει, ἦ τ᾽ ἂν ἔγωγε

ἑσποίμην: σὺ δέ κεν φαίης ἔπος ἀντιόωσα.’

--Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica III.32-35, Translated into Latin by Joannes Shaw (1777)

APOLLO 

 Little is known of this Hellenistic poet, but what is clear is that his surviving epic, the Argonautica, was wildly influential to later epic poets. According to the Suda, he was the Director of the Library of Alexandria and was a contemporary of the poet Callimachus (α.4319).