The Fatherless Birth of Mars
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Name: Ovid
Date: 43 BCE – 17 CE
Region: Sulmo [modern Italy]
Citation: Fasti 5.229 – 258
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The nymph Chloris
tells the story of how she helped Juno conceive without Jupiter’s help:
If you didn’t
know already, Mars was also born through my craft;
(And Jupiter
still doesn’t know this, so please keep it that way).
Juno was upset
that Jupiter had his daughter Minerva without a mother,
And didn’t need
her to create a kid.
So she went to
the Ocean to complain about her husband’s deeds,
And, tired from
her travels, stopped outside my door.
When I saw her, I
said, “Hey, what brings you here, child of Saturn?”
She explained
where she was headed, and why.
I comforted her
with friendly words.
She said, “I
won’t feel better with just words.
If Jupiter can
become a father without his spouse’s help,
And alone holds
both names of parent, as both mother and father,
Why should I
worry about being a mother without a spouse,
And give birth
without a man’s help, still remaining chaste?
I’ll try any
medicine from around the world,
I’ll try the
depths of Tartarus, too.”
She kept going; I
kept my poker face.
She said, “You
seem like you can help somehow, nymph.”
Three times I
wanted to promise to help her,
Three times I
held my tongue (I was really scared of Jupiter).
She said, “I beg
you, help me! I won’t tell who did it,”
And swore an oath
on the river Styx.
I told her, “What
you’re looking for is a flower from the Olenian fields;
It is unique in
my garden.
The one who gave
it to me told me, ‘Touch a sterile cow with this flower, and she will
conceive!’
I did—and
immediately the cow gave birth!”
Straightaway I
plucked the flower with my thumbs,
I touched Juno’s
lap with it, and she conceived.
And Juno left me,
pregnant now, and wandered Thrace
and the left side
of Propontis.
She got what
she’d wished for: Mars was born.
Mars quoque, si nescis, per nostras editus artes:
Juppiter hoc, ut adhuc, nesciat usque, precor.
Sancta Jovem Juno nata sine matre Minerva
officio doluit non eguisse suo.
Ibat ut Oceano quereretur facta mariti;
restitit ad nostras fessa labore fores.
Quam simul aspexi, “Quid te, Saturnia”, dixi
“attulit?” Exponit, quem petat, illa, locum;
addidit et causam. Verbis solabar amicis.
“Non” inquit “verbis cura levanda mea est.
Si pater est factus neglecto coniugis usu
Juppiter, et solus nomen utrumque tenet,
cur ego desperem fieri sine coniuge mater,
et parere intacto, dummodo casta, viro?
Omnia temptabo latis medicamina terris,
et freta Tartareos excutiamque sinus.”
Vox erat in cursu: voltum dubitantis habebam.
“Nescioquid, nymphe, posse videris” ait.
Ter volui
promittere opem, ter lingua retenta est:
ira Jovis magni causa timoris erat.
“Fer, precor, auxilium” dixit, “celabitur auctor”,
et Stygiae numen testificatur aquae.
“Quod petis, Oleniis” inquam “mihi missus ab arvis
flos dabit: est hortis unicus ille meis.
Qui dabat, ‘hoc’ dixit ‘sterilem quoque tange iuvencam,
mater erit’: tetigi, nec mora, mater erat.”
Protinus haerentem decerpsi pollice florem;
tangitur, et tacto concipit illa sinu.
Iamque gravis Thracen et laeva Propontidos intrat,
fitque potens voti, Marsque creatus erat.
Ovid [Publius Ovidius Naso; 43 BCE – 17 CE, modern Italy] was
one of the most famous love poets of Rome’s Golden Age. His most famous work,
the Metamorphoses, provides a history of the world through a series of
interwoven myths. Most of his poetry is erotic in nature; for this reason, he
fell into trouble during the conservative social reforms under the reign of the
emperor Augustus. In 8 CE he was banished to Bithynia [modern Turkey], where he
spent the remainder of his life pining for his native homeland.
